تفاوت across, over و through در انگلیسی

1- on/ to the other side of (line): across and over

Across and Over can both be used to mean on the other side of line, river, road, bridge etc.

eg: His village is just across/over the border.

eg: See if you can jump across/over the stream.

across و over هر معنای طرف دیگر رودخانه، پل،مرز، جاده و ... را می دهند.

2- high things: Over prefered

We prefer over to say on/to the other side of something high.

eg: Why are you climbing over the wall? (NOT across the wall)

برای اشاره به بالا و آنسوی جایی بلند از over استفاده می شود نه از across.

3- on flat areas; in water: across prefered

We usually prefer across to say on/to the other side of a flat area or surface, or talk about movement in water.

eg: He walked right acrossed the desert. (NOT over the desert)

eg: Let's swim across the river. (NOT over the river)

But over is sometimes used in British English if there is no idea of arriving at the other side.

eg: We often walk over the fields in the evening.

برای اشاره به گذشت از میان سطح صاف یا آب از across استفاده می شود، در عین حال در انگلیسی بریتانیایی (نه آمریکایی) در صورتی که گذشتن از میان سطح صاف و رسیدن به طرف دیگر مد نظر نباشد، می توان از over استفاده کرد.

4- the adverb over

Note that the adver over has a wider meaning than the preposition over.

You cannot say Let's swim over the river to the church (wrong) but can say Let's swim over to the church.

توجه داشته باشد که over در حالت قیدی معنایی گسترده تر از over حرف اضافه دارد.چنانچه در مثال بالا جمله اول غلط و دومی صحیح است.

5- across and through

The difference between across and through is like the difference between on and in. Through, unlike across, is used for a movement in a three dimentional space, with things on all sides. Compare:

eg: We walked across the ice. (We were on the ice.)

eg: I walked through the woods. (I was in the woods.)

eg: We drove across the desert.

eg: We drove through several towns.

تفاوت میان across و through مشابه تفاوت میان on و in است. through برخلاف across معنای حرکت در فضای سه بعدی می دد در حالی که اجسام نیز در اطراف هستند.